Challenges and Transformation: Legal Policy On Film Circulation In The Digital Economy Era
Abstract
Technological and social developments in the law of film distribution, especially through Over-The-Top (OTT) services. The legal vacuum leaves the legal function suboptimal in controlling film distribution to maintain national values, and it harms state revenues. Film business actors profit by uploading films to OTT services without paying the censorship fees and taxes they are required to pay. The study uses a normative method with a statute approach, focusing on Challenges and Transformations: Film Distribution Legal Policy in the Digital Economy Era. The Film Censorship Institute faces technological challenges and legal vacuums in censoring content on OTT services. The need for a firm legal policy on OTT censorship arises from the crimes that occur and the state's obligation to uphold moral values. The National Independent Censorship Culture Movement (GNBSM) is an LSF initiative that invites the public to sort shows by age classification. The regulatory vacuum and cross-border differences make it difficult to achieve the goals of film law.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Prayitno, K. P. (2011). Pancasila as a 'Screening Board' in Developing Laws Amidst the Multidimensional Globalisation of the World. Journal of Dinamika Hukum,11 (in Indonesian).
2. Trisiana, A., Sido, D. A., & Saputri, D. K. D. (2019). Increasing Legal Awareness Among Young People to Counteract the Effects of Globalisation. Jurnal Global Citizen Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, 6(2). doi: 10.33061/glcz.v6i2.2552 (in Indonesian).
3. Cortez, N. (2014). Regulating Disruptive Innovation. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 29(1), 175-228.
4. Si, S., & Chen, H. (2020). A literature review of disruptive innovation: What it is, how it works and where it goes. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 56, 101568. doi: 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2020.101568
5. Kasali, R. (2021). Disruption is radical innovation. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFUOUpXGYZQ (in Indonesian).
6. Wildan, M. (2023). 7 Films Banned from Indonesian Cinemas but You Can Watch Them via Streaming. Retrieved from https://kincir.com/movie/film-banned-dari-bioskop-Indonesia/ (in Indonesian).
7. Friedman, L. M. (2019). The Legal System from a Social Science Perspective. Bandung: Nusa Media (in Indonesian).
8. KPI. (2019). KPI Does Not Censor or Monitor Social Media. Retrieved from https://www.kpi.go.id/id/umum/38-dalam-negeri/35109-kpi-tak-melakukan-sensor-dan-pengawasan-media-sosial (in Indonesian).
9. Performance Report of the Film Censorship Institute of the Republic of Indonesia. (2025). Retrieved from https://lsf.go.id/storage/app/media/LAPORAN%20KINERJA%20LSF%202025%20REVISI%202%20OK%20HR_1.pdf (in Indonesian).
10. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 42 Year 2009 on the Third Amendment of Law No. 8 Year 1983 on the Value Added Tax of Goods and Services And Tax on Luxury Goods Sales. (2009). Retrieved from https://www.flevin.com/id/lgso/translations/Laws/Law%20No.%2042%20of%202009%20on%20Third%20Amendment%20of%20Law%20No.%208%20of%201983%20on%20the%20Value%20Added%20Tax%20of%20Goods%20and%20Services%20and%20Tax%20of%20Luxury%20Goods%20Sale%20(MoF).pdf
11. Simanjuntak, B. A., & Sosrodiharjo, S. (2014). Social Research Methods (Revised Ed.). Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia (in Indonesian).
12. Marzuki, P. M. (2005). Legal research. Jakarta: Prenada Media.
13. Fajar, M., & Achmad, Y. (2017). The dualism of normative and empirical legal research. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar (in Indonesian).
14. Muhammad, A. (2000). Indonesian Company Law. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti (in Indonesian).
15. Utama, E. P. (2018). The Duties and Authorities of the Film Censorship Board (LSF) from an Islamic Law Perspective. (Undergraduate Thesis; UIN Raden Intan Lampung). (in Indonesian).
16. Ardiyanti, H. (2017). Cinema in Indonesia: History and Government Regulation, a Cultural Industry Perspective. Kajian, 22(2), 79-95 (in Indonesian).
17. Lembaga Sensor Film. (n. d.). History. Retrieved from https://lsf.go.id/sejarah (in Indonesian).
18. Funk, W. F. & Seamon, R. H. (2024). Examples & Explanations for Administrative Law (7th Ed.). ASPEN Publishing.
19. Asshiddiqie, J. (2006). Development and Consolidation of State Institutions After Reform. Jakarta: Secretariat General and Registrar of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia (in Indonesian).
20. Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 14 of 2019 concerning Guidelines and Criteria for Censorship, Audience Age Classification, and Withdrawal of Films and Film Advertisements from Distribution. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.regulasip.id/book/15467/read (in Indonesian).
21. Sakti, A. T. (2023). After Watching an Adult Film, JT Molests a 5-Year-Old Child in Tempilang, West Bangka. Retrieved from https://bangka.tribunnews.com/2023/09/22/usia-tonton-film-porno-jt-cabuli-anak-5-tahun-di-tempilang-bangka-barat (in Indonesian).
22. Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Number 13 of 2022 concerning Amendments to Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 22 of 2020 concerning the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Education and Culture for 2020-2024. (2022). Retrieved from https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Download/218836/SALINAN%20PERMENDIKBUDRISTEK%20NOMOR%2013%20TAHUN%202022.pdf (in Indonesian).
23. Motion Picture Association. (n. d.). Film ratings. Retrieved from https://www.motionpictures.org/film-ratings/
24. Rahardjo, S. (2007). Let Justice Flow: Critical Notes on The Struggle Between Humans and the Law. Penerbit Buku Kompas (in Indonesian).
25. Capra, F. (2007). The Turning Point of Scientific Civilisation and Cultural Revival. Yogyakarta: Jejak (in Indonesian).
26. Ali, A. (2002). Unveiling the veil of law: a philosophical and sociological study. Toko Gunung Agung (in Indonesian).
27. Santika, G. N., Rindawan, K., & Sujana, G. (2019). Strengthening Pancasila through Governor Regulation No. 79 of 2018 in countering cultural erosion in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. National Seminar on Innovation in Science, Technology and Humanities Research (in Indonesian).
Article Metrics
Metrics powered by PLOS ALM
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ruhly Kesuma Dinata, Hieronymus Soerjatisnanta, Zulkarnain Ridlwan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.



