https://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/issue/feedPath of Science2024-03-10T22:06:03+02:00Path of Sciencemail@pathofscience.orgOpen Journal Systems<p><span><strong><span lang="EN-US">Traektori</span>â <span lang="EN-US">Nauki = </span>Path of Science </strong>is an international open-access, peer-reviewed electronic journal created to fully and promptly meet the information needs of society in the knowledge gained in the course of research and development, research and design, design and technology and production activities of scientists and experts.</span></p><p>The journal publishes original research papers, review articles and short communications papers in Social, Technical, Natural sciences and Humanities. The scope of problems of articles is not limited.</p><p>Articles for publication are accepted in English, Ukrainian and Russian.</p><p><span>The journal is published monthly.</span></p>https://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2971Towards Information Flows in Recognition and Prediction Tasks with Internet of Things2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Roman Mysiukmysyuk1@ukr.net<span lang="EN-US">This paper describes the possibilities of communication through information flows in the tasks of recognition and prediction using the example of assessing the change in the state of defects in materials.</span><span lang="EN-US">In the context of communication between several elements of the system, an important part is the formation of effective information flows and optimal messages. In this context, the grouping of information according to the principle of informativeness is proposed, using the example of the problem of recognition and further forecasting.</span><span lang="EN-US">Information transfer with the Internet of Things involves exchange over wireless networks and network protocols.</span><span lang="EN-US">In the paper, it is proposed to use the segmented area of the recognized object and use it to check the forecast</span><span>. </span><span lang="EN-US">The paper proposes to use the segmented region of the recognized object in the image and use it to check the prediction. In addition, sensor data can be used to test defect classification. This design of information flows can improve performance</span><span>.</span>2024-02-10T19:55:43+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Roman Mysiukhttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2965Historical Topics and Social Life: Recent Insights on Mentions Feed and Online Monitoring2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Anca Parmena Olimidanca.olimid@edu.ucv.roThe present paper focuses on analysing the recent trends of historical and social life topics, measuring and comparing the levels of the mentions feed of twenty such issues as “contemporary history”, “social history”, “cultural history“, “historical thought”, “historical change”, “historical data”, “historical development”, “history of migration”, “collective memory”, “social movements”, “European history”, “foreign policy”, “diplomacy”, “democratisation”, “transition”, “nationhood”, “statehood”, “state”, “urban history” and “economic history”. The research uses a mixed-method framework, including social media content analysis, case studies, and numerical data analysis. The research uses the online measurement tools provided by the Brand24 platform to evaluate the trend and feed of the selected topics. This study offers nine analytical and monitoring tools: the volume of mentions, social media mentions, non-social media mentions, interactions, social media reach, non-social mentions (SMR), user-generated content (UGC), positive mentions and mentions per category. The period for data collection was 23 September 2023 – 23 December 2023 (ninety-one days) and shows the extensive coverage and impact of the selected topics and their context of discussion performing the trending narratives and events.<strong> </strong>The research results show how social networking meets the area of historical and social life topics and how the online social community motivates e-participation and public dialogue by using the positive mentions tool. The study concludes that the social media monitoring tools proved an in-depth public awareness and use of the selected topics, enabling a valid linkage between online behaviour, temporal trends of issues and public awareness.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Anca Parmena Olimidhttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2967A Quantitative Study of Places of Worship in Windhoek, Namibia2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Daphne Ntlhentlhed@ukzn.ac.zaRitta Khibantlhed@ukzn.ac.za<p>Since Namibia's independence, religious diversity in Windhoek has increased, and the city faces the challenge of a rapidly growing number of places of worship, which raises concerns amongst the government authorities and residents. This article aims to determine the number of churches in Windhoek and their spatial distribution pattern within the city boundaries in twenty-seven suburbs and excluded peripheral areas. It is guided by the religious neoliberal theory, in which God and religion are commodified and commercialized. The spatial aspect of the places of worship is explained based on the Hoyt sector theory and the Multi-nuclei model. These theories describe urban land uses and how these land uses develop from the city centre in a pattern of circles. Data from four databases was converted into quantitative data and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The above is done by highlighting the number of existing houses of worship and clarifying why there is such a number in an area. The study results revealed 300 religious groups or organizations associated with worship gatherings and 249 places of worship in the study area. Therefore, the study concluded that the 249 worship houses spatially signify the religious diversity of Windhoek's population. It cannot be stated that the site has many worship houses because the existing ones are essential as they represent the religious diversity in the locality. The results are critical in that they will bring clarity to the stakeholders who grapple with the issue of places of worship in Windhoek.</p>2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Ritta Khiba, Daphne Ntlhehttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2980A Mechanism for Diagnosing the Activities of Enterprises in a Competitive Environment2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Bogdan Chorniyzmb_84@ukr.netYuriy Honsorhonsor.yuriy1@ukr.netThe article studies the peculiarities of the mechanism of diagnostics of the activity of an enterprise in a competitive environment. It has been determined that the subject of diagnostics can be any sphere of activity or direction of activity. It is noted that the diagnostics of enterprise activity is aimed at solving three groups of tasks: direct tasks, in which the assessment of activity is based on information; determining the permissible limits of performance indicators; studying the sensitivity of the results of the direct and inverse tasks to changes in the initial parameters. It is established that in practice, diagnostics of enterprise functioning should include identification of the status of the object of research and determination of trends in its development through a comprehensive assessment of the factors that led to this status. The principles of diagnostics of entrepreneurial activity are disclosed. The system of indicators of efficiency of diagnostics of enterprise activity is defined. It has been determined that diagnostics should be used in the continuous management of economic activity, as it allows the identification of new trends in the work of enterprises that require changes in the operational management of financial and economic activity. It is found that the diagnostic process allows for a comprehensive analysis of the enterprise's economic activity and determines the prospects for its development. The main types of risks that arise during enterprise diagnosis have been allocated. It is noted that the development of the concept of diagnostics of competitiveness of enterprises is based on the need not only to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise but also to identify various types of activities that can create synergy. It has been determined that the achievement of the enterprise's development goals during the strategy period largely depends on the correctness of the chosen strategy and the effectiveness of its implementation.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Bogdan Chorniy, Yuriy Honsorhttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2964The Influence of Electronic Word of Mouth and Hedonic Shopping Motivation on Impulse Buying with Fear of Missing Out as a Moderating Variable2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Ardi Zarhan Lillahi Ramdanihamidi@unram.ac.idSulhaini Sulhainihamidi@unram.ac.idBaiq R. Handayanihamidi@unram.ac.idCurrent developments in digital marketing technology have been suspected of increasing consumer impulse buying behaviour. This research analyses the influence of Electronic Word of Mouth and hedonic shopping motivation on impulse buying, moderated by Fear of Missing Out. This research is quantitative research that uses a causal associative approach. The method used to test the hypothesis is SEM PLS with the help of the SmartPLS application. The research results show that Electronic Word of Mouth and hedonic shopping motivation positively and significantly affect impulse buying. FOMO. The results of this research can also be used as a basis for marketers of e-commerce companies to increase efforts to obtain and spread positive EWOM to increase the occurrence of impulsive buying from consumers.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Ardi Zarhan Lillahi Ramdani, Sulhaini, Baiq R. Handayanihttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2957The Effect of Stress Management Therapy on Changes in Stress Levels in the Elderly in Aceh Besar, Indonesia2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Khairani Khairanikhairani_f.kep@usk.ac.idYeni Marlinayenimarlinay@usk.ac.idNurhasanah Nurhasanahnurhasanah_@usk.ac.idMartina Martinamartina@usk.ac.idMuhammad Yusufyunus@usk.ac.id<p>Retirement is commonly considered a difficult time since it is a significant life adjustment that elderly people must make in their later years. To effectively handle stress in the senior population, it is crucial to develop effective techniques. Applying progressive muscle relaxation therapy to the elderly is one such method. This study aimed to identify changes in stress levels before and after progressive muscle relaxation therapy in the elderly. This type of research is quasi-experimental with a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique in this research was a sampling capacity of 100 elderly people. The sample was divided into two groups: the intervention group, which consisted of 50 elderly people, and the control group, which consisted of 50 people. The measuring tool used in this research is the standard Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 42) questionnaire data collection via Google Forms. Data analysis used the difference between two means t-test analysis. The results showed a significant difference in stress levels before and after participating in the therapy program in the experimental group (t=-4.173, p<0.05). This indicates that progressive muscle therapy in the elderly can reduce stress levels.</p>2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Khairani, Yeni Marlina, Nurhasanah, Martina, Muhammad Yusufhttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2908Policing Pests on Plants: Securitisation of Desert Locust Management to Protect Human Security2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Gachie Eliud Barakabarakagachie@gmail.comAnn Merecia Sireraamsirera@gmail.comGeorge Otieno Ong’amogeorgeongamo10@gmail.com<p><span lang="UK">The gregarious desert locust is one of the most dangerous pests that require urgent and extreme interventions. The study, therefore, sought to analyse desert locust management practices that were securitised to protect human security in Kenya. The study employed a mixed methods approach using ex-post facto evaluation and cross-sectional survey designs. The target population included desert locust-affected persons. A multi-stage sampling approach using stratified and purposive sampling techniques was used to target a sample size of 900 respondents drawn from 30 counties affected by desert locusts. Structured questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGD) were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics using frequencies, percentages and ordinal logistic regression. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis and incorporated in the discussion. The results showed that there was the securitisation of chemical control, recovery programs, physical control, surveillance and indigenous technical knowledge and skills (ITKS), contributing 43%, 16%, 16%, 15% and 10%, respectively, in safeguarding human security against desert locust risks. From the findings, the study concludes that all the phases of managing desert locusts were securitised to protect human security. Since the securitisation of chemical control had the highest contribution in protecting human security against desert locust risks, the study recommends research on applying biological pesticides rather than synthetic insecticides.</span></p>2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 Gachie Eliud Baraka, Ann Merecia Sirera, George Otieno Ongamohttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2941Entrepreneurial Innovation in German Language Education: Integrating Gamification on the BRIX Application-Based Platform2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Ibrahim Asmorodinaibrahim.asmorodina.2002416@students.um.ac.idErin Alida Damayantiibrahim.asmorodina.2002416@students.um.ac.idMuhammad Iqbal Ikhsaniibrahim.asmorodina.2002416@students.um.ac.idYovika Indrisaniibrahim.asmorodina.2002416@students.um.ac.idDesti Nur Ainiibrahim.asmorodina.2002416@students.um.ac.idThe landscape of German language learning has undergone a transformative shift propelled by technological advancements and innovative methodologies. Mobile learning (M-Learning) through purpose-built applications and software has emerged as a powerful tool, significantly enhancing students’ language proficiency. Among these innovative approaches, the integration of gamification elements has proven to be interactive and practical in language education. Framed within a development research paradigm, this research focuses on infusing gamification elements into German language learning using the application-based platform "BRIX". The research methodology encompasses various phases, including needs analysis, design of the BRIX platform, development, limited trials, evaluation, and the launch of the BRIX application model. The findings indicate a positive impact on the German language learning process for senior high school students in the Malang Region. Furthermore, recommendations are made for future enhancements, emphasising the involvement of multiplayer elements to foster a social and supportive learning environment. This entrepreneurial initiative revitalises language education and explores avenues for collaborative and innovative learning experiences.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Ibrahim Asmorodina, Erin Alida Damayanti, Muhammad Iqbal Ikhsani, Yovika Indrisani, Desti Nur Ainihttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2946An Analytical Study of the Proliferation of Private Schools in Nigeria2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Ejuchegahi Anthony Angwaomaodokoejuchegahi.angwaomaodoko@gmail.com<p align="justify">This analytical study delves into Nigeria's significant growth and proliferation of private schools. It aims to explore the factors contributing to this phenomenon and its implications for education in the country. By analysing various factors such as government policies, socio-economic dynamics, and parental preferences, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the rise of private schools in Nigeria. Nigeria is witnessing a drastic rise in privately owned primary and secondary schools. The proliferation of private schools coincides with the fact that the country's government cannot bear the burden of providing quality education to its citizens through public schools; thus, private schools have sprung up at every corner of the country to serve as an alternative to public schools. The provision of quality education by high-cost private schools has been immense over the years. Yet, many Nigerians need help to afford to send their children to these high-cost private schools, which has led to a rise in the number of low-cost private schools to serve the interests of citizens from the lower socio-economic class. The majority of these low-cost private schools need to be registered, thus making it difficult for the government to enforce the regulation of these schools to ensure the standard of education is maintained. While private schools offer several advantages, balancing their growth and maintaining a robust public education system is crucial. The government must play an active role in regulating private schools to ensure quality education is accessible to a wide range of students, regardless of socio-economic background. By addressing the challenges and harnessing the benefits of private schools, Nigeria can pave the way for a more inclusive and prosperous future in education.</p>2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Ejuchegahi Anthony Angwaomaodokohttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2991Analyze Carbohydrate, Fata and Protein Intake in Nutritional Status Students SMA Negeri 1 Baitussalam Regency Aceh Besar, Indonesia2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Syahri Ramadhanasyahriramadahan15@gmail.comRazali Razalirazali.ismail@usk.ac.idNyak Amiramir_fkip@usk.ac.idSukardi Putrasukardi_pjkr@usk.ac.idYeni Marlinayenimarlinay@usk.ac.idIfwandi Ifwandiifwandi@usk.ac.id<p>One of the nutritional problems of adolescent children is obesity, which is caused by excess food consumption and excess fat. The primary energy sources are carbohydrates and fats, while protein is a building block. The research aimed to determine the effect of the intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins on the nutritional status of students at SMA Negeri 1 Baitussalam, Aceh Besar Regency. The total student population is 303 students. Thirty students took sampling using a random sampling technique, and 10%. Data collection techniques include a 24-hour food recall questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and a fita health nutrition application. Data analysis techniques are based on averages and percentages. Based on research, it is known that:</p><p>1. Carbohydrate intake with an average nutritional status of -0.4 in the "Normal" category obtained an average value of 299 grams with a threshold value of 81% in the (Good) category, based on the percentage in the "Good" category, namely 16 students with 53%, in the "Less" - eight students with 27% and the "More" - six students with 20%.</p><p>2. Fat intake with an average nutritional status of -0.4 in the "Normal" category obtained an average value of 127 grams with a threshold of 143% in the (More) category. In the "Good" category, there are four students with 13%. In the "Less" category, nine students with 30%, and in the "More" category, 17 students with 57%.</p>3. Protein intake with an average nutritional status of -0.4 in the "Normal" category obtained an average value of 130 grams with a threshold value of 197% in the (More) category. In the "Good" category, there are two students with 7%. In the "Less," one student has 3%, and the "More" has 27 students with 90%.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Syahri Ramadhana, Razali, Nyak Amir, Sukardi Putra, Yeni Marlina, Ifwandihttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2568The Influence of The Gastronomic Narrative of Chicken Merangkat, Culinary Taste, and Destination Image on Tourist Satisfaction in The Green Tourism Village of Bilebante, Indonesia2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Baiq Nurhaidahamidi@unram.ac.idLalu M. Furkanhamidi@unram.ac.idHandry Sudiartha Atharhandrysudiartha@gmail.com<p>As an industry that continues to grow, tourism requires business actors in tourist destinations to continue developing strategies to increase tourist' satisfaction. This study examines the relationship between the gastronomic narrative of chicken merangkat, culinary taste and destination image on tourist satisfaction. This study also investigated the effect of tour guide communication skills as a moderation variable on consumer satisfaction. This type of research is associative quantitative research. In this study, the population observed were tourists who had visited the Bilebante Tourism Village area of Central Lombok. The number of samples in this study was 85 respondents. The sampling technique in the study used purposive sampling. Data analysis in this study uses a Structural Equation Model approach based on Partial Least Square using SMART PLS software. The results prove that gastronomic narratives, culinary tastes, and destination images positively and significantly affect tourist satisfaction in the green tourism village destination of Bilebante Central Lombok. The study also found that tour guides did not reinforce the variables of gastronomic narrative and destination image on tourist satisfaction.<br />Meanwhile, the tour guide strengthens the variable of culinary taste to tourist satisfaction. Tour guide strengthens culinary taste to tourist satisfaction, showing that tour guide variables strongly influence the formation of culinary taste.</p><p>Meanwhile, the tour guide strengthens the variable of culinary taste to tourist satisfaction. Tour guides reinforce culinary taste to tourist satisfaction, showing that tour guide variables strongly influence the formation of culinary taste. The residents' pride in tourist destinations is the culinary taste of the green tourist destination Bilebante.</p>2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 Baiq Nurhaida, Lalu M. Furkan, Handry Sudiartha Atharhttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2969Student Perceptions of the Application of Practicum Learning Project-Based Medical Instrumentation to Increase Student Creativity2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Iswari Pauzihamidi@unram.ac.idAliefman Hakimhamidi@unram.ac.idAris Doyanhamidi@unram.ac.idGito Hadiprayitnohamidi@unram.ac.idJoni Rokhmathamdi@unram.ac.idSukarso Sukarsohamidi@unram.ac.idLearning in the Medical Instrumentation course is more focused on the principles of using tools, parts and functions, how to operate and care for tools, the calibration status of laboratory equipment and the concept of calibration of laboratory equipment. Learning like this results in students only being limited to understanding existing theories and minimal skills or skills. This study aims to describe the perceptions of medical laboratory technology students towards project-based Medical Instrumentation practicum learning. Student perceptions of the learning process are essential because they can be used to implement learning decisions. The research objects were 55 Bachelor of Applied Medical Laboratory Technology Study Program students. Data was collected by questionnaire, which was distributed via a Google form. Percentage shows that respondents have a good perception of applying the PjBL model. With the implementation of the PjBL model of learning, students will become more enthusiastic about studying the Medical Instrumentation Practicum because the PjBL model can eliminate boredom in participating in the learning process.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Iswari Pauzi, Aliefman Hakim, Aris Doyan, Gito Hadiprayitno, Joni Rokhmat, Sukarsohttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/3011Linguocultural Characteristics of Fixed Expressions With Onomastic Single Components2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Gunay Aliyevainfo@gdu.edu.az<p>Our world is a modern globalised world, and communication is essential. Preserving civilisations and cultures has a dominant societal position in the contemporary era. In this regard, most of the communicative processes in the world refer to intercultural communication. That is why the interest of researchers in the issues of language and culture, intercultural communication, and linguoculturology is growing.</p><p>It is known that stable associations reflect the characteristics of people's perception of the surrounding world and the natural world around them. The cognitive mechanisms in forming a stable combination are the people's history, traditions, lifestyle, the geographical world in which they are surrounded, and other factors. All these things we have listed affect people's thinking and are reflected in the language to express a kind of thinking. All these factors constitute a particular research object in linguistic and cultural studies.</p>The interaction of language and culture is manifested in stable combinations. Linguistics reflects the cognitive thinking of this or that nation. It studies the language of the people's view of the world formed based on millennia of real-life experience. Linguistic factors can manifest themselves in stable combinations. Among linguistic units, the onomastic unit is the only language structure with a unitary component that is so closely related to culture. That is why the linguistic and cultural analysis of onomastic single-component stable compounds in both languages with different systems, like Azerbaijani and English, is of great interest.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Gunay Aliyevahttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/3037Expression Forms of the Present Tense in the Qur'ani-Karim2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Shakar Ilgar Malikovasheker.melikova@gmail.com<p>It is known that, in Arabic, a word is divided into three parts: noun, verb and particle (harf). A noun refers to a thing and is not related to time. A verb expresses an event, which is why it relates to time. A particle<strong> </strong>is a word that has no meaning but is used with a noun or a verb.</p><p>Verbs express events that happen at a particular time. At the same time, it should be noted that although medieval Arabic linguists paid great attention to the subject of the verb and its inflexion (i'rab), they did not deeply investigate the tenses and time limits of the verb. If we compare the tense forms in Arabic with those in other languages, we will face particular difficulties finding the exact equivalent. The lack of Arab research on this topic is reflected in the verbs madhi (past tense) and mudhare (present tense).</p><p>Since our topic is related to the present tense, we will try to examine the forms of expression, or more precisely, how the present tense is expressed either in the Arabic literary language or in the Holy Quran.</p><p>In general, verb tenses indicate their grammatical characteristics. We know that in terms of time, verbs are divided into past, present and future tenses.</p><p>The present tense has a broad meaning. The present tense of the verb expresses the events that are happening at the moment of speaking. In the literary Arabic language, the present tense is expressed mainly through the mudhare verb فعل المضارع from a morphological point of view. In addition, in the holy book Qur'ani-Karim, the present tense is expressed differently. If we pay attention to the verses in the Qur'an, we will see that the tense meanings of verbs are determined not only by their morphological structure but also by the context in which they are included.</p>It should also be noted that the expression of any time in the Holy Qur'an in different ways is mainly intended to convince humanity of the authenticity of this message sent by God. It primarily refers to evangelising Heaven, Hell, Judgment Day and other issues.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Shakar Ilgar Malikovahttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/3004Exploring Language Awareness for Social Communication and Spe-cific Objectives in a Library Setting: A Case Study of the Language Course Development at UTM Skudai in Malaysia2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Hemn Mohammed Alizanyar.ghafar@btvi.edu.iqZanyar Nathir Ghafarzanyar.ghafar@btvi.edu.iq<p>This study shows the outcomes of a research project engaged in a Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) course, which targeted to develop students' language proficiency for targeted goals instead of a general English course. The course content development process required several stages, including a requirements analysis, goal and objective setting, content selection and development, and course assessment. The LSP course was executed in a library setting, and the researchers aimed to increase students' social skills through English language learning. The study randomly selected thirty international students using a mixed-method approach to gather data to serve the needs of UTM Skudai's students. The researchers stipulated a comprehensive analysis of the course plan, content, and emphasis areas to clarify how language awareness is integrated into LSP courses. This study provides a clear understanding of how LSP courses deliver language awareness.</p>2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Hemn Mohammed Ali, Zanyar Nathir Ghafarhttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2972Law and Legal Security in Modern Ukrainian Realities2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Sergey Petkovs_petkov22@ukr.netOleksiy Yavnyyyavnyy.oleksiy1@ukr.netOleh Koretskyiyavnyy.oleksiy1@ukr.netThe article examines the peculiarities of law and legal security in modern Ukrainian realities. It is determined that law is a mechanism which, through the application of legal norms of which it is a part, should ensure the effective functioning of democracy and democracy in the state and the functioning and further development of the social system. It is established that the Ukrainian legal system is undergoing a reconstruction phase, in which administrative and legal mechanisms are being transformed into mechanisms of self-regulation and self-organisation. The author establishes that essential factors of law stability are correct definition and certainty of each element, completeness and absence of contradictions. It is established that the basis of the concept of legal security is the conditions, sources, methods and mechanisms of negative impact (falsification of legal provisions, conflicts of provisions, legal gaps, inadequate implementation procedures, neglect of the effect of provisions, substitution of concepts, corruption, etc. The author determines that legal security is a component of national security. Its content consists of the implementation of national interests in all areas of national security, protection of national interests in the security sector, as well as legal regulation of legal relations and legal protection of the creation of state and non-state institutions with the necessary and sufficient conditions for the effective functioning of law and legal order as a crucial regulator of social relations. It is noted that legal security is one of the constant needs caused by the natural conditions of life of a person, society and mankind. It should also be considered a universal human value designed to ensure a person's existence as a public good. The author identifies the factors that significantly impact the institutionalisation process of an individual's legal security.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Sergey Petkov, Oleksiy Yavnyy, Oleh Koretskyihttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2970The Effectiveness of Deed Making Through Video Conference in the Digital Age2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Ida Susi Rachmawatihamidi@unram.ac.idSalim Salimhamidi@unram.ac.idZunnuraeni Zunnuraenihamidi@unram.ac.id<p>This research aims to analyse the influence of the digital era on civil law evidentiary procedures and the evidentiary power of deeds presented through video conferencing in civil case trials. This normative legal research uses a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The study found that first, the digital era has encouraged the increase in electronic transactions among the public and provides benefits and benefits with the convenience of conducting electronic transactions, where the strong influence of the digital era has a significant impact on changing the forms that were previously only known as written documents and then turning into electronic documents that can also be used and submitted as evidence in court, especially considering the rapid and massive development and progress of the digital era, of course, it also encourages the urgency of doing notarial deeds through Video Conference. Second, the evidentiary power of deeds presented through video conferences in the trial of civil cases based on positive law in Indonesia is not recognised as electronic evidence. So that notarial deeds other than the exception of Article 77 § 1 of the Company Law, which states that the holding of GMS can also use video conferencing or other electronic media facilities, the rest must remain subject to and comply with the enactment of the UUJN which requires that the authenticity of the making of a Notarial Deed must be in front of a Notary with direct physical presence.</p>2024-02-17T20:57:42+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Ida Susi Rachmawati, Salim, Zunnuraenihttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2981Legality of Electronic Notary Deeds2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Made Bagus Dewaana Manu Saputrahamidi@unram.ac.idSalim Salimhamidi@unram.ac.idAris Munandarhamidi@unram.ac.id<p>This research analyses the legality of electronic notarial deeds in Indonesia according to the UUJN and ITE laws. Then, a comparative study is carried out against the United States based on the Model Electronic Notarial Act and the Securing Act. The research uses normative methods. The research results show that if viewed from the UUJN and ITE Law, the Electronic Notarial Deed is not valid in Indonesia but is valid and recognized in the United States based on the Model Electronic Notarial Act and strengthened by the Securing Act. There are many similarities and differences regarding the legality of Electronic Notarial Deeds in Indonesia and the United States. However, it is hoped that Indonesia can harmonize the laws and regulations relating to Electronic Notarial Deeds and keep up with current developments so that Electronic Notarial Deeds can be recognized and declared valid/legal.</p>2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Made Bagus Dewaana Manu Saputra, Salim, Aris Munandarhttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2982Sanctions for Dismissing the Position of a Notary: Comparative Study in Indonesia and South Korea2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Melva Dwi SaputriSapoetridwimhel@gmail.comRodliya Rodliyahamidi@unram.ac.idAny Suryani Hamzahhamidi@unram.ac.id<p>This research aims to analyze the considerations of the Notary Supervisory Council in imposing sanctions for dismissing a notary's position in Indonesia compared with South Korea, to analyze law enforcement and ethics in the process of rejecting a notary's position, and to analyze the similarities and differences in sanctions for dismissing a notary's position. The type of legal research used in this research is normative legal research. The considerations of the Central Supervisory Council in Indonesia and the Notary Disciplinary Committee in South Korea in imposing sanctions for dismissing Notaries in their respective countries have similarities, namely that the Central Supervisory Council and the Notary Disciplinary Committee both have the freedom to impose sanctions on Notaries based on the considerations obtained. Sanctions imposed on Notaries in Indonesia who violate the code of ethics are not in the form of dismissal from the position of notary but dismissal from membership in the Indonesian Notary Association.<br />Meanwhile, the South Korean Notary Disciplinary Committee carried out the results of the disciplinary hearing decision. When the disciplinary hearing decides that the notary has been given a penalty in the form of dismissal, the notary is automatically dismissed from his position. The Indonesian and South Korean Notary Laws have several similarities; both apply sanctions for dismissal and temporary dismissal or suspension of duties. Then the difference is that in Indonesia's Law on Notary Positions, there are three types of notary dismissal. In contrast, the Notary Law of the Republic of Korea only recognizes two types of dismissal.<br />Meanwhile, the South Korean Notary Disciplinary Committee carried out the results of the disciplinary hearing decision. When the disciplinary hearing decides that the notary has been given a penalty in the form of dismissal, the notary is automatically dismissed from his position. The Indonesian and South Korean Notary Laws have several similarities; both apply sanctions for dismissal and temporary dismissal or suspension of duties. Then the difference is that in Indonesia's Law on Notary Positions, there are three types of notary dismissal. In contrast, the Notary Law of the Republic of Korea only recognizes two types of dismissal.</p>2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Melva Dwi Saputri, Rodliya, Any Suryani Hamzahhttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2983Implementation of Electronic Transactions of Notary's Deeds in Improving Legal Certainty and Data Security2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Tatik Susilawatihamidi@unram.ac.idZainal Asikinhamidi@unram.ac.idLalu Wira Pria Suhartanahamidi@unram.ac.idThis research aims to determine the regulation of electronic transactions in Notarial deeds (Notary Study in West Lombok). This type of research combines normative legal elements, which are then supported by adding data or empirical elements. Research conducted by the author shows that Notaries, Temporary Notary Officials, Substitute Notaries, and MPDs carry out electronic notarial deed arrangements. After the notary's protocol is 25 years old, it must be submitted to the MPD. In the UUJN/UUJN-P it is not regulated whether notary protocol storage is only carried out using paper media (conventional) or can be stored digitally using electronic media by a notary. This is because the notary's protocol is a state archive, while the Archives Law provides regulations regarding the permissibility of storing archives using electronic media. Implementing notarial deeds via electronic means to increase legal certainty and data security, namely by storing Notarial protocols digitally using electronic media not regulated in UUJN/UUJN-P, legal responsibilities arising from violations or unlawful acts apply to legal provisions. In general, whether civil, criminal or administrative, to the notary concerned. Another responsibility of the notary who holds the protocol is to keep the parties' data confidential in connection with legal acts outlined in the form of an authentic deed.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Tatik Susilawati, Zainal Asikin, Lalu Wira Pria Suhartanahttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2984Juridical Analysis of Electronic-Based Use Rights Certificates: Study at Mataram City National Land Agency Office, Indonesia2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Widya Istiqomahhamidi@unram.ac.idMuhammad Soodhamidi@unram.ac.idMuh. Risnainhamidi@unram.ac.id<p>This research aims to determine the arrangements and mechanisms for registering electronic-based certificates of use and the strength of electronic-based certificates of use as proof of control of land rights. The type of research used is normative and empirical, using statutory, conceptual and sociological approaches. The source of legal materials used is secondary data consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials and primary data. The analysis used is using interpretation. Based on the research results, it is known that the regulation of electronic use proper certificate registration has been recognized in various laws and regulations, especially in the ATR/BPN Ministerial Regulation No 3 of 2023 and the mechanism registration of electronic use proper certificates regulated in Article 7 to Article 21. The legal force of an electronic use adequate certificate can be used as legal evidence by Article 147 of Law Number 6 of 2023, where the binding force of an electronic certificate is an electronic signature by Article 11 Law No 19 of 2016.</p>2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Widya Istiqomah, Muhammad Sood, Muh. Risnainhttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2985Responsibilities of Land Deed-Making Officials in Making Sale and Purchase Deeds Made Without the Land Owner's Knowledge2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Nazhifa Salsabielahamidi@unram.ac.idSalim Salimhamidi@unram.ac.idWidodo Dwi Putrohamidi@unram.ac.idThis research aims to analyze legal action against the Deed of Sale and Purchase made by the Land Deed Official (PPAT) without the knowledge of the land owner and the responsibility of the Land Deed Drafting Officer regarding the Sale and Purchase Deed made without the knowledge of the land owner. This research is normative legal research. The approaches used in this research are the statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The study results show that the legal consequences of making a Deed of Sale and Purchase, which is made without the owner's knowledge, means that the deed can be filed for cancellation because the subjective conditions and objective conditions of the agreement are not fulfilled. This is regulated in article 1320 of the Civil Code and states that the Deed of Sale and Purchase No 6657/2004 dated 1 November 2004 made by Defendant I is invalid or legally flawed and does not have binding legal force. PPAT's responsibility in making the Deed of Sale and Purchase, which was made without the owner's knowledge, is administrative; Defendant I, as PPAT, has violated the provisions of Article 38 § 1 of Government Regulation No 24 of 1997. Therefore, Defendant I, as PPAT, can be dishonourably dismissed. In civil terms, Defendant I was proven to have committed an unlawful act, so PPAT must compensate for losses suffered by the parties. Criminally, PPAT can be held criminally accountable if PPAT is proven to be negligent and not careful in checking the identity of the person present and other formal matters.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Nazhifa Salsabiela, Salim, Widodo Dwi Putrohttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2996In the Beginning: Chinese Cosmogonic Myths and Taoist Philosophy2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Tetiana Danylovadtv280365@gmail.comThe paper aims to analyse the Chinese cosmogonic myths, cosmogony, and cosmology elaborated by the ancient Chinese philosophers, particularly the representatives of Taoism. Chinese cosmogony and cosmology are most fully represented in philosophical texts, not mythological narratives. Chinese thinkers elaborated on the complex scheme of the emergence and development of the world. The source of the world's origin is not a transcendent external force. Just the opposite, this source is immanent and is based on the principle of constant changes. Chinese philosophers understood the universe as a continuous interaction of complementary forces. The interaction of complementary forces is the path of changes, i.e., the constant creation of the world and the flow of life processes. With special attention given to the Chinese Hundun myth and chaos-hundun concept, the author analyses "Tao Te Ching", "Zhuangzi", "Huaninanzi", and "Taijitu shuo".2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Tetiana Danylovahttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2977Extract of Water Hyacinth used in the Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organophosphate and Organochlorine Pesticides2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Abubakar Habib Idrisahidris@atbu.edu.ngOliver Maiteraahidris@atbu.edu.ngAndrew Peingurta Fartisinchaahidris@atbu.edu.ngWarji Miuhammadahidris@atbu.edu.ng<p>Water hyacinth, commonly known as <em>Eichhornia</em> <em>crassipes</em>, is a deadly aquatic weed known for causing environmental hazards, which include blocking river waters and canals and clogging irrigation and hydropower systems chemically. It also reduces the bio-oxygen demand (BOD) of the aquatic in the river, which tends to make the river unfriendly to the animals around it. Thus, many countries are trying their best for the removal of this weed using various methods. Green synthesis is an excellent tool utilised in the synthesis process of AgNPs. Water pollution and environmental pollution caused by organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides have threatened living organisms, animals, and humans; hence, there is a need to synthesise multifunctional materials that can be used to degrade various pollutants. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of biosynthesised Silver and Iron nanoparticles for catalytic degradation of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides. The sample was collected in Hayin Gada Mubi Road Girei Local Government area of Adamawa State with latitude 9<sup>0 </sup>17<sup>1</sup> 16<sup>11</sup> N and Longitude 12<sup>0</sup> 26<sup>1</sup> 48<sup>11</sup> East.</p><p>Silver and Iron Nanoparticles were synthesised using <em>Eichhornia crassipes</em> (water hyacinth extract) and characterised using XRD, SEM, TEM, and SEM.EDX, UV-Spectrophotometer and FTIR. SEM/EDX, TEM, XRD, FTIR confirmed the formation of Silver and Iron Nano particles. UV-Spectrophotometer gave optical information whereby an excitation at 410 nm for silver and Iron 358 nm. Research on the photocatalytic degradation rate of Organochlorine and Organophosphate using varied concentrations of 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25 for AgNPs in the photocatalysis process was the primary goal of the present study. The influence of the main operating parameters such as photocatalyst concentration, Pesticide concentration, pH and effect of time. The result revealed that AgNPs have high and significant photocatalytic efficiency in organophosphate, and organochlorine has less degradation activity. In conclusion, the research aimed to achieve AgNPs have higher activity against organophosphate (Sniper) than Organochlorine (DDT).</p>2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Abubakar Habib Idris, Oliver Maitera, Andrew Peingurta Fartisincha, Warji Miuhammadhttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2976Biocompost Application Trichoderma spp. and NPK Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.)2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Lalu Suparlanhamidi@unram.ac.idTaufik Fauzihamidi@unram.ac.idMade Sudanthahamidi@unram.ac.idShallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are plants that are needed as a kitchen spice. Production decreases along with decreasing planting area and land fertility levels, so a solution is required to increase land fertility using biocompost. They should also require large amounts of N, P and K for their growth and development. This research aims to determine the effect of Trichoderma spp. biocompost application and NPK fertilization on the growth and yield of shallot plants. The experiment used a completely randomized factorial design consisting of two factors, namely biocompost dosage (b), which consists of four levels: 1) without biocompost (b0), 2) 1.25 t/ha (b1), 3) 2.50 t/ha (b2), 4) 3.75 t/ha (b3), and the NPK dose factor (n) has four levels, namely: 1) 400 kg/ha (n1), 2) 300 kg/ha (n2), 3) 200 kg/ha (n3), 4).100 kg/ha (n4). The research results show the following. Application of Trichoderma spp. biocompost had a significant effect on the number of tillers at 6 WAP, number of tubers per hill, wet tuber weight, dry tuber weight, tissue P and K nutrient uptake values and had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves and tissue N nutrient uptake values. Various doses of NPK fertilizer substantially affected the number of tillers at 6 WAP, number of tubers per hill, wet weight of tubers per hill, dry weight of tubers and tissue N, P and K nutrient uptake values. It had no significant effect on plant height and number of leaves. Secondly, there is an interaction effect of the two treatments on tissue N and P nutrient uptake values, with the highest N uptake value obtained in a combination of 2.50 t/ha (b2) of biocompost with a 300 kg/ha (n2) (b2n2) NPK fertilizer dose. In contrast, the highest P uptake value was obtained in a combination of 3.75 t/ha (b3) of biocompost with an NPK fertilizer dose of 200 kg/ha (n3). The best yield tendency was obtained in a combination of 2.5 tons/ha (b2) of biocompost with a 300 kg/ha (n2) NPK fertilizer dose (b2n2).2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Lalu Suparlan, Taufik Fauzi, Made Sudanthahttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/2997A Review of Transient Elastography as a Screening Tool in Pediatric Hepatic Diseases2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Vasanta Senguptavasantasengupta@gmail.comAbhijit Senguptavasantasengupta@gmail.com<p>Fatty liver disease is now increasingly being identified in children and adolescents. It has even gained a new call, Metabolic Dysfunction – Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. It entails the entire spectrum, from simple accumulation of fat deposits inside the liver to causing inflammation and liver damage ensuing in cirrhosis. Currently, the gold standard for diagnosis is Liver Biopsy, which is an invasive technique. Suppose Ultrasonography with Transient Elastography is included at the screening stage, along with the routine tests. In that case, the chances of missing Metabolic Dysfunction – Associated Steatotic Liver Disease will be reduced, and corrective interventions can be taken early.</p>There are numerous studies on Transient Elastography in children with Hepatic Diseases. It is practised worldwide but has yet to become popular in India. In most cases, it is USG Abdomen, stating that the liver is enlarged and has some features. The routine practice of Transient Elastography is performed by a few radiologists and a few centres. However, if Transient Elastography can be added as a feature, many chronic cases can be identified early. Furthermore, it can be used as a routine screening tool in our adolescent populations.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Vasanta Sengupta, Abhijit Senguptahttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/3016Utilisation and Preference of Contraceptives among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Communities of Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria2024-03-10T22:06:03+02:00Nadyen Jordan Shikpupcrownramyil@yahoo.comChritiana Emmanuel Mangdikcrownramyil@yahoo.comSarah Idokocrownramyil@yahoo.comKaneng Mary Dalyopcrownramyil@yahoo.comShekarau Mwolchetcrownramyil@yahoo.comAdams Lishikacrownramyil@yahoo.comGrace Danielcrownramyil@yahoo.comMary Seljul Ramyilcrownramyil@yahoo.comBulndi Lydia Babatundecrownramyil@yahoo.com<p>Despite the high population growth and fertility rate of women in Nigeria, contraceptive prevalence is one of the lowest in the world at 15%; however, every year, nearly 16 million teenagers aged 15-19 years give birth, and 95% of these births take place in resource-limited countries. Contraception is the act of intentionally preventing pregnancy using various devices such as good sexual practices, chemicals, drugs, or surgical procedures. This study aimed to assess the utilisation and contraceptive preference among women of reproductive age in Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey that adopts the multi-staged sampling technique to select 396 women and data collected through an informed structured questionnaire between September 2021 to March 2022 and after that analysed with the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 presented in contingency tables, charts and percentages while inferential statistical analysis was done using Spearman Rho ranked order correlation to test for statistical significance of variables based on p<0.05. Most (84.8%) of the respondents were married, and 40.2% fell between 20-29. Most (88.1%) women had one form of formal education.</p>Similarly, 95.4% of their partners had formal education, indicating that most had secondary school education as their highest educational qualification, and so did their partners. In comparison, most (93.4%) of the respondent women had between 1-5 children per family, with the majority (44.9%) having either one or two children, of which 89.9% had used family planning methods before with 71.0% of them currently using these methods rated to be moderately good. In comparison, the majority (81.3%) of the participants had plans to continue using these methods. This study revealed that rural women of reproductive age in the Jos North Local government area have been using, would still and intend to use contraceptives in the future to prevent maternal morbidity. The choices made by them preferred the hormonal injection methods as a matter of priority to increase the satisfactory utilisation of planned parenthood. Thus, nurses should be aware of particularly the preferred contraceptive choice of the women in rendering health care services to improve their level of utilisation.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Nadyen Jordan Shikpup, Chritiana Emmanuel Mangdik, Sarah Idoko, Kaneng Mary Dalyop, Shekarau Mwolchet, Adams Lishika, Grace O. Daniel, Mary Seljul Ramyil, Bulndi Lydia Babatundehttps://pathofscience.org/index.php/ps/article/view/3015Economic Approaches to Ensuring the Preparation of a Cheerleading Team for Participation in Competitions Among Teams of Higher Education Institutions2024-03-09T19:56:35+02:00Inna Gushchainessa.guscha@gmail.comNataliia Krupkokrupkonatalka@gmail.comThe article is devoted to studying the economic aspects of providing training for cheerleading teams in higher education institutions (HEIs). The study aims to analyse economic approaches to ensuring the training of cheerleading teams to participate in competitions among teams of higher education institutions. The key factors that influence the provision of team training are identified. The study revealed such factors as the availability of funding, the quality of coaching staff and the availability of sports infrastructure. The problems that can affect the effectiveness of team training are highlighted, and their solution is a crucial task for the successful development of cheerleading in higher education institutions. The structure and composition of costs for training cheerleading teams in higher education institutions are analysed. The analysis results indicate that the expenses include salaries of coaches and staff, purchase of equipment, medical care and other costs. Various areas of attracting financial resources to support the training of cheerleading teams in higher education institutions, such as university funding, sponsorship agreements, grants and sports development funds, are studied. The prospects for developing cheerleading infrastructure in higher education institutions are investigated. Developing cheerleading infrastructure in higher education institutions is essential in improving the quality of students' sports training, stimulating an active lifestyle and shaping a sports culture among the student community. The research is critical for both scientific and practical fields, contributing to improving conditions for the development of cheerleading in higher education institutions. The study results will allow universities and other educational institutions to understand better the costs associated with these activities and develop funding strategies to optimise the use of resources. This will contribute to the further development of the cheerleading infrastructure and improve the training of sports teams in educational institutions.2024-01-31T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2024 Inna Gushcha, Nataliia Krupko