Left in the Dark: Spatial Analysis of Energy Access For Social Services in Nigeria

Abstract

The forced interconnectivity to modern energy systems has been a problem in Nigeria, particularly in rural and underserved areas, where a lack of access to electricity hinders development outcomes. This paper presents a spatial, data-based investigation using the Energy Access Explorer (EAE) platform to identify high-priority regions requiring decentralised energy action. The study ensures that Local Government Areas (LGAs) are evaluated and ranked based on their need and feasibility for off-grid energy solutions using a multi-criteria decision framework that considers grid proximity and incorporates existing solar potential. It analyses Fune in Yobe State and Ardo Kola in Taraba State. The researchers identified Taraba State as an ideal intervention area because it combines low electrification levels, high poverty rates, and the presence of unelectrified clinics and schools. On the contrary, Cross River State, specifically Odukpani, was not considered a priority due to its relatively better wealth parameters and improved access to infrastructure. The findings highlight the effectiveness of joined-up spatial devices in creating fair, evidence-based energy planning. The paper has a role to play in the existing academic literature on sustainable energy use. It has provided practical recommendations for the realisation of Sustainable Development Goal 7 in Nigeria and similar contexts.