Path of Science: International Electronic Scientific Journal

The article explores the cognitive mechanisms of framing (language framing) and priming (anticipatory suggestion) in the context of human interaction with artificial intelligence (AI)-based dialogue systems. The author proposes an interdisciplinary analysis combining cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, social psychology and generative AI technologies to identify how such systems can use speech strategies of persuasion and manipulation. It is shown that dialogue AIs actively apply frames in the presentation of information, both in lexical framing and in the tone of utterances, which can skew interpretations and guide the user's opinion. In parallel, priming allows systems to shape attitudes even before the main utterance, through tone, order of presentation, or even background information, which is particularly effective in long-term interactions. The author discusses threats to user autonomy, especially for vulnerable groups (children, the elderly, people with mental disabilities), the problems of deception through anthropomorphisation of AI and substitution of real dialogue with simulated 'friendship'. Legal and regulatory initiatives, including the European AI Act (2024) provisions, prohibit AI use for covert behavioural influence and are considered. Possible solutions are also suggested, ranging from AI content labelling and algorithm transparency to increasing digital literacy among users. Thus, the article contributes to understanding the speech mechanisms involved in human-AI communication and emphasises the need for a balance between technological development and the preservation of human cognitive freedom.

speech manipulation; AI; framing; priming; cognitive linguistics; verbal influence

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