Path of Science: International Electronic Scientific Journal

The problems of the development and interaction of civilizations have been of great interest to the representatives of various scientific fields for a long time. The period of the second half of the 18^th - the first half of the 19^th century was the time of the formation and development of predominantly linear stage theory of civilization. At the same time, certain provisions of the theory of local civilizations began to evolve and the idea of a multidirectional historical process began to develop, but the latter had not yet acquired an independent status. The paper attempts to outline the theory of civilizations proposed by François Guizot, whose activity created the prerequisites for the emergence of theories of local civilizations, or ethnographic theories of civilization, and Joseph Gobineau, who initiated his racial anthropological theory. In the course of the research, the comparative historical method, the methodology of philosophical hermeneutics, as well as the anthropological integrative approach were applied.

civilization; theories of civilizations; progress; culture; François Guizot; Joseph Gobineau

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