Structure and Efficiency of the Corn and KUB Chicken Value Chains in Central Lombok Regency, Indonesia

Abstract

Corn and KUB (Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan) chickens, a native breed developed by the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, are significant agricultural products for the rural economy of Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Corn serves as both a food crop and poultry feed, while KUB chickens are valued for meat and eggs. Economic integration between the two products within the local value chain nevertheless remains limited. This study examines the structure of the corn and KUB chicken value chains, identifies the roles of the actors involved, and assesses how value is generated and how efficient the system is. The study combined qualitative and quantitative methods, gathering primary data through interviews, field observations, and questionnaires administered to corn farmers, KUB chicken breeders, collectors, market traders, and supporting institutions. The analysis applied Value Chain Analysis (VCA), the Value Added Ratio (VAR), Cycle Efficiency (CE), and the Efficiency Margin Fairness Ratio (EMFR). The corn value chain comprises farmers, collectors, wholesalers, and industrial consumers or livestock breeders. The KUB chicken value chain comprises breeders, collectors, market traders, and end consumers. Farmers and breeders are the main producers, with traders linking producers to the market. In the corn chain, farmers generated the highest added value in absolute terms, at IDR 4,743.75 per kg, against IDR 676.67 for collectors and IDR 369.33 for wholesalers. In the KUB chicken chain, breeders obtained IDR 7,578.95 per bird, collectors IDR 8,578.95, and market traders IDR 11,052.63. Production cycle efficiency was high in both the corn chain (94.3%) and the KUB chicken chain (94.9%), indicating that operational time is not the binding constraint in either system. The study recommends strengthening producer groups, improving direct market access, developing local feed, and building partnerships towards a more efficient, fair, and sustainable corn–KUB chicken agribusiness system.