Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior for The Environment in Harapan Keluarga Hospital Employees: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Psychological Ownership

Yudi Harmeka, Thatok Asmony, Siti Nurmayanti

Abstract

This study intends to investigate the impact of spiritual leadership on organisational environmental citizenship behaviour using self-efficacy and psychological ownership as mediators. This sort of study employs quantitative research techniques and a causal associative strategy. A simple random sampling procedure was used to choose the sample, consisting of 136 responses from 205 employees at the Harapan Keluarga Mataram Hospital in Lombok – data analysis using the SEM-PLS method and SMART PLS software. The findings of this study indicate that Spiritual Leadership has a significant positive impact on Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment, Self-efficacy, and Psychological Ownership.

In contrast, Self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment, but Psychological Ownership has an insignificant positive impact. Additionally, Self-efficacy can mediate the beneficial effects of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment, but Psychological Ownership cannot do so. Management must adopt spiritual leadership to motivate their staff to be more environmentally friendly on a discretionary basis to help the environment and the organisation's budget.


10.22178/pos.97-19


Keywords


Spiritual Leadership; Organizational Citizenship Behavior; Self-efficacy; Psychological Ownership

Full Text:

PDF


References


1. Abbas, A., Chengang, Y., Zhuo, S., Bilal, Manzoor, S., Ullah, I., & Mughal, Y. H. (2022). Role of Responsible Leadership for Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment in Light of Psychological Ownership and Employee Environmental Commitment: A Moderated Mediation Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.756570

2. Aboramadan, M., Kundi, Y. M., & Farao, C. (2021). Examining the effects of environmentally-specific servant leadership on green work outcomes among hotel employees: the mediating role of climate for green creativity. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 30(8), 929–956. doi: 10.1080/19368623.2021.1912681

3. Adewale, A. S., & Ghavifekr, S. (2019). Leadership self-efficacy and staff organizational citizenship behavior in higher education institutions: experience from Nigeria. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1–18. doi: 10.1080/13603124.2018.1543540

4. Afsar, B., Badir, Y., & Kiani, U. S. (2016). Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior: The influence of workplace spirituality, intrinsic motivation, and environmental passion. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 79–88. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.011

5. Anser, M. K., Shafique, S., Usman, M., Akhtar, N., & Ali, M. (2020). Spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment: An intervening and interactional analysis. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 64(8), 1496–1514. doi: 10.1080/09640568.2020.1832446

6. Almahdali, F., Natsir, S., Hasanuddin, B., & Husnah, H. (2021). The effect of servant leadership, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy on organisational citizenship behavior and employee performance of state-owned banks in Palu city. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(5), 682–694.

7. Alt, E., & Spitzeck, H. (2016). Improving environmental performance through unit-level organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment: A capability perspective. Journal of Environmental Management, 182, 48–58. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.034

8. Göçen, A., & Şen, S. (2021). Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Meta-Analysis. SAGE Open, 11(3), 215824402110407. doi: 10.1177/21582440211040777

9. Arikunto, S. (2010). Metode Penelitian [Research Methods]. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta (in Indonesian).

10. Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Crossley, C. D., & Luthans, F. (2009). Psychological ownership: theoretical extensions, measurement and relation to work outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(2), 173–191. doi: 10.1002/job.583

11. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy – The Exercise of Control. New York: W. H. Freeman & Company.

12. Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1977). Social learning theory (Vol. 1). London: Prentice Hall.

13. Bernhard, F., & O’Driscoll, M. P. (2011). Psychological Ownership in Small Family-Owned Businesses: Leadership Style and Nonfamily-Employees’ Work Attitudes and Behaviors. Group & Organization Management, 36(3), 345–384. doi: 10.1177/1059601111402684

14. Benefiel, M. (2005). The second half of the journey: Spiritual leadership for organizational transformation. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 723–747. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.005

15. Boiral, O. (2008). Greening the Corporation Through Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(2), 221–236. doi: 10.1007/s10551-008-9881-2

16. Boiral, O., & Paillé, P. (2011). Organizational Citizenship Behaviour for the Environment: Measurement and Validation. Journal of Business Ethics, 109(4), 431–445. doi: 10.1007/s10551-011-1138-9

17. Boiral, O., Talbot, D., & Paillé, P. (2013). Leading by Example: A Model of Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(6), 532–550. doi: 10.1002/bse.1835

18. Chen, C., Yang, C., & Li, C. (2011). Spiritual Leadership, Follower Mediators, and Organizational Outcomes: Evidence From Three Industries Across Two Major Chinese Societies. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(4), 890–938. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00834.x

19. Chen, L., Wen, T., Wang, J., & Gao, H. (2022). The Impact of Spiritual Leadership on Employee’s Work Engagement–A Study Based on the Mediating Effect of Goal Self-Concordance and Self-Efficacy. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 24(1), 69–84. doi: 10.32604/ijmhp.2022.018932

20. Cherian, J., & Jacob, J. (2013). Impact of Self Efficacy on Motivation and Performance of Employees. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14). doi: 10.5539/ijbm.v8n14p80

21. Choong, Y. O., Ng, L. P., Ai Na, S., & Tan, C. E. (2019). The role of teachers’ self-efficacy between trust and organisational citizenship behaviour among secondary school teachers. Personnel Review, 49(3), 864–886. doi: 10.1108/pr-10-2018-0434

22. Daily, B. F., Bishop, J. W., & Govindarajulu, N. (2008). A Conceptual Model for Organizational Citizenship Behavior Directed Toward the Environment. Business & Society, 48(2), 243–256. doi: 10.1177/0007650308315439

23. Dilchert, S., & Ones, D. S. (2012). Environmental Sustainability in and of Organizations. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(4), 503–511. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-9434.2012.01489.x

24. Erum, H., Abid, G., Contreras, F., & Islam, T. (2020). Role of Family Motivation, Workplace Civility and Self-Efficacy in Developing Affective Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 10(1), 358–374. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe10010027

25. Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693–727. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001

26. Fry, L. W., & Slocum, J. W. (2008). Maximizing the Triple Bottom Line through Spiritual Leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 37(1), 86–96. doi: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2007.11.004

27. Furby, L. (1980). Collective possession and ownership: a study of its judged feasibility and desirability. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 8(2), 165–183. doi: 10.2224/sbp.1980.8.2.165

28. Gurmani, J. K., Khan, N. U., Khalique, M., Yasir, M., Obaid, A., & Sabri, N. A. A. (2021). Do Environmental Transformational Leadership Predicts Organizational Citizenship Behavior towards Environment in Hospitality Industry: Using Structural Equation Modelling Approach. Sustainability, 13(10), 5594. doi: 10.3390/su13105594

29. Islam, T., Hussain, D., Ahmed, I., & Sadiq, M. (2021). Ethical leadership and environment specific discretionary behaviour: The mediating role of green human resource management and moderating role of individual green values. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences de l’Administration, 38(4), 442–459. doi: 10.1002/cjas.1637

30. Jex, S. M., Bliese, P. D., Buzzell, S., & Primeau, J. (2001). The impact of self-efficacy on stressor–strain relations: Coping style as an explanatory mechanism. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 401–409. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.401

31. Jiang, M., Wang, H., & Li, M. (2019). Linking Empowering Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Toward Environment: The Role of Psychological Ownership and Future Time Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02612

32. Jugert, P., Greenaway, K. H., Barth, M., Büchner, R., Eisentraut, S., & Fritsche, I. (2016). Collective efficacy increases pro-environmental intentions through increasing self-efficacy. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 48, 12–23. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.08.003

33. Kandias, L., Asmony, T., Nurmayanti, S., & Irhas. (2023). Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Kecerdasan Spiritual Terhadap Organization Citizenship Behavior (OCB) (Studi Pada Guru MA Al-Ijtihad Desa Danger Kecamatan Masbagik) [The Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence on Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) (Study on Teachers of MA Al-Ijtihad, Danger Village, Masbagik District)]. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Kewirausahaan, 7(1), 339–351 (in Indonesian).

34. Kaya, A. (2015). The Relationship between Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Research on School Principals’ Behaviors. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 15(3), 597–606. doi: 10.12738/estp.2015.3.1988

35. Khan, M. A. S., Jianguo, D., Ali, M., Saleem, S., & Usman, M. (2019). Interrelations Between Ethical Leadership, Green Psychological Climate, and Organizational Environmental Citizenship Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01977

36. Kim, M., & Beehr, T. A. (2017). Self-Efficacy and Psychological Ownership Mediate the Effects of Empowering Leadership on Both Good and Bad Employee Behaviors. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 24(4), 466–478. doi: 10.1177/1548051817702078

37. Lauren, N., Fielding, K. S., Smith, L., & Louis, W. R. (2016). You did, so you can and you will: Self-efficacy as a mediator of spillover from easy to more difficult pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 48, 191–199. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.10.004

38. Liu, X., & Yu, X. (2023). Green transformational leadership and employee organizational citizenship behavior for the environment in the manufacturing industry: A social information processing perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1097655

39. Mi, L., Gan, X., Xu, T., Long, R., Qiao, L., & Zhu, H. (2019). A new perspective to promote organizational citizenship behaviour for the environment: The role of transformational leadership. Journal of Cleaner Production, 239, 118002. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118002

40. Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426–447. doi: 10.1108/09534810310484172

41. Organ, D. W. (1988). Organisational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. N. d.: Lexington books.

42. Pham, N. T., Tučková, Z., & Chiappetta Jabbour, C. J. (2019). Greening the hospitality industry: How do green human resource management practices influence organizational citizenship behavior in hotels? A mixed-methods study. Tourism Management, 72, 386–399. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.12.008

43. Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. T. (2003). The State of Psychological Ownership: Integrating and Extending a Century of Research. Review of General Psychology, 7(1), 84–107. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.7.1.84

44. Pratiwi, L. A., & Nawangsari, L. C. (2021). Organizational Citizenship Behavior while mediating Self-Efficacy, Servant Leadership and Organization Culture on Employee Performance. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 6(1), 225–231. doi: 10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.1.713

45. Robertson, J. L., & Barling, J. (2017). Toward a new measure of organizational environmental citizenship behavior. Journal of Business Research, 75, 57–66. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.02.007

46. Sapta, I. K. S., Rustiarini, N. W., Kusuma, I. G. A. E. T., & Astakoni, I. M. P. (2021). Spiritual leadership and organizational commitment: The mediation role of workplace spirituality. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1). doi: 10.1080/23311975.2021.1966865

47. Schutte, N. S., & Bhullar, N. (2017). Approaching Environmental Sustainability: Perceptions of Self-Efficacy and Changeability. The Journal of Psychology, 151(3), 321–333. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2017.1289144

48. Somech, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2000). Understanding extra-role behavior in schools: the relationships between job satisfaction, sense of efficacy, and teachers’ extra-role behavior. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(5–6), 649–659. doi: 10.1016/s0742-051x(00)00012-3

49. Sugiyono. (2014). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D [Educational Research Methods Quantitative, Qualitative and R&D Approaches]. Bandung: Alfabeta (in Indonesian).

50. Tam, V. W. Y. (2008). On the effectiveness in implementing a waste-management-plan method in construction. Waste Management, 28(6), 1072–1080. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.04.007

51. Testa, F., Corsini, F., Gusmerotti, N. M., & Iraldo, F. (2018). Predictors of organizational citizenship behavior in relation to environmental and health & safety issues. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(13), 1705–1738. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1423099

52. Ullah, I., Wisetsri, W., Wu, H., Shah, S. M. A., Abbas, A., & Manzoor, S. (2021). Leadership Styles and Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Psychological Ownership. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.683101

53. Van Dyne, L., & Pierce, J. L. (2004). Psychological ownership and feelings of possession: three field studies predicting employee attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(4), 439–459. doi: 10.1002/job.249

54. Walumbwa, F. O., Mayer, D. M., Wang, P., Wang, H., Workman, K., & Christensen, A. L. (2011). Linking ethical leadership to employee performance: The roles of leader–member exchange, self-efficacy, and organizational identification. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 204–213. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.11.002

55. Wilpert, B. (1991). Property, ownership, and participation: On the growing contradictions between legal and psychological concepts. Retrieved from https://viewer.wu.ac.at/viewer/!fulltext/1602595494394/11/

56. Zhang, H., & Xu, H. (2019). Impact of destination psychological ownership on residents’ “place citizenship behavior.” Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 14, 100391. doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100391


Article Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Metrics powered by PLOS ALM

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2023 Yudi Harmeka, Thatok Asmony, Siti Nurmayanti

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.