Structural-Grammatical Characteristics of "Frıend" and "Enemy" Conceptual Expressions

Abstract

Various concepts are verbalized and reflected in language units. These language units exist in different structures. Ideas are mainly realized in the form of fixed expressions. Fixed expressions, in turn, possess other structures. In this linguistic landscape of the world, selected words have their unique and distinct place.

The concepts of "friend" and "enemy", while fundamentally within the domain of cognitive linguistics, are primarily linguistic units. Several linguistic teams converge around a particular sign. Their similarity to each other unites them within a paradigmatic framework. Characters with single paradigms enter into associative relations with each other. There exist universal paradigms in language, the universality of which does not depend on individual specific languages and their specific characteristics. The concepts of "friend" and "enemy" are included in these universal paradigms, which are present in all languages.

Paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations create a system. This situation is based on the logic of natural processes. For instance, one of the factors that led to the development of the language system is the constant and reciprocal manifestation of two opposing approaches, two regularities. The first of such images are concepts that form opposite poles. Several aspects can be distinguished within linguistics's foreign and local cognitive direction framework.