Agronomic Appearance, Genetic Parameters of Red and Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Different Environments Dry Land

Abstract

Increasing yield and adaptability of brown and black rice in functional sub-optimal environments begins with increasing genetic diversity through conventional crosses between diverse germplasm. This study aims to determine the yield, genetic diversity, heritability, and interactions between rice genotypes in two different growing environments. The study was conducted in April-August 2021. The study was designed using a two-factor Randomized Block Design (RAK) with three replications. The first factor genotype consisted of 15 treatments, namely: 6 brown rice lines (G1-G6), five black rice lines (G7-G11), three the parents are Baas Selem (G13), Situpatenggang (G14), and GH Padi red rice (the elder of the brown rice line) and one comparison variety Inpago Unram 1 (G15). The second factor consists of two locations: Tampak Siring Village, Batukliang District (379 m asl) and Mujur Village, Praya Timur District (103 m asl) Central Lombok Regency. The results showed that the yield of Inpago Unram 1 (G15) was higher than other genotypes, namely 7.10 t/ha. The lines with the exact yield as the GH of red rice (brown rice strain parent) and Situ Patenggang (black rice parent) were G6 and G10 with a value of 5.21 t/ha and 5.35 t/ha, respectively. High heritability values were indicated by plant height and grain yield, while the other traits were classified as low to moderate with a range below 0.20 to 0.45. The coefficient of genetic diversity in the number of productive tillers was relatively high, namely 51.27%. Slightly low values were obtained for plant height and number of non-productive tillers with values of 38.63% and 48.26%, respectively. Developing G6 and G10 genotypes are recommended because they have higher yields. All tested genotypes were able to adapt to two different growing environments.