Effect of Physical Characteristics on Resident’s Satisfaction in a High- Density Area of Ilorin Metropolis

© 2021 The Authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License Abstract. This study looked at the impact of a resident’s physical attributes on housing satisfaction in Ilorin to figure out how to uncover the significant relationship in Ilorin. The research took a quantitative method. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to 126 household heads, with 94 responses. Households were polled using systematic random sampling to collect information on socio-economic variables and housing satisfaction. To analyze the effect of variables, the data were subjected to descriptive statistics and linear regression using SPSS. The study found that physical factors have a substantial impact on home satisfaction in the studied area. The study discovered that toilet facilities, rendered and painted walls, tiles, a well-equipped kitchen, no finishing wall, electricity and generator as an alternative means of lighting a kitchen without modern facilities, concrete, and a pit toilet are all factors that influence residents’ satisfaction. It was also discovered that the most excellent mean score was for bathroom facilities, rendered and painted walls, and tiles. It was suggested that the government make the missing social amenities available and rehabilitate the deteriorating ones as urgent. To improve resident satisfaction in the study region, proper routine management of social amenities should be done.


INTRODUCTION
Housing is seen as a basic need and a requirement for man's survival, making it one of the most crucial basic infrastructures in developing any community [11]. Housing impacts the lives of individuals and the nation; as a result, both nature and society place a high value on the role it plays in ensuring human comfort [7]. The author [4] claimed that shelter is one of man's most fundamental necessities. The right to appropriate housing is universally recognized internationally and in more than one hundred national constitutions worldwide. Despite this right, many 'homeless,' 'inadequately housed,' and 'evicted' people worldwide in cities and rural areas. Housing is inextricably tied to one's quality of life. It is influenced by various factors, including money, employment, education, work-life balance, life satisfaction, and society's perceived quality [14].
Housing has been referred to as "the determinant of the quality of life" since it is the only pillar of individual satisfaction [13].
Housing satisfaction is influenced by residents' perceptions of their neighbourhood and living conditions. This suggests a low level of dissatisfaction and a high degree of agreement between intended and actual circumstances and the satisfaction of residents' everyday housing demands. On the other hand, inconsistency between their existing and ideal home conditions can lead to dissatisfaction [10]. On the other hand, lowincome families are more likely than middleincome families to be satisfied with housing with a more significant deficit [8]. Low income is a significant barrier for have-not families, as they cannot obtain non-deficit housing [6].
Many elements can influence resident satisfaction; one of these considerations is physical characteristics [11]. Physical qualities can influence residential satisfaction positively or negatively; for example, when the state of social amenities or infrastructure facilities is regarded as good, satisfaction is found to be substantially more significant, and vice versa. However, most people in developing countries still lack necessities, including shelter, health care, a strong road network, portable water, and reliable energy, to name a few. Moreover, many individuals cannot achieve their basic needs due to leaders' inept administration of public funds, a lack of sufficient workforce to harness available resources, political instability, and local government's lack of preparation [2]. As a result, a research gap has been discovered, and the purpose of this study is to answer questions about the impact of physical features on resident happiness in Ilorin.
This study aims to examine the impact of physical characteristics on residents' satisfaction in a high-density area of the Ilorin metropolis to reveal the effect of physical characteristics of residents on housing satisfaction.
Objectives: 1) To identify the physical characteristics of residents in the Ilorin metropolis. 2) To examine the level of residents' satisfaction in the study area. 3) To assess the effect of physical characteristics on residents' satisfaction in the study area.

METHODOLOGY
Quantitative research methodologies were applied in this investigation. The responders were given a questionnaire to fill out and return. A total of 126 questionnaires were given, with 94 valid copies being filled out and returned out of 126. Other social science academics in Nigeria have utilized sample size selection to get sample size [3].
A total of 126 homes are sampled from each of these residential neighbourhoods. The lowdensity residential neighbourhoods of Kuntu and Adabata were chosen. The sampling method used was systematic random sampling, which is the most basic method and ensures that every subject in a population has an equal chance of being chosen. Following the extensive collection of data, descriptive, mean ranking, and multiple regression using SPSS Version 22 were used to analyze the data acquired from the field.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The socio-economic characteristics of the respondents are disclosed in Table 1. Males made up the majority of the respondents in the research area. Similarly, the study discovered that people under 30 made about half of the total population. In addition, the majority of those who responded to the survey were mar-ried (63 %). The occupation of the households reveals that roughly 30.85 % of the respondents work as civil servants. Retirees, students, craftspeople, and artisans make up 69.15 % of the overall study region respondents. This suggests that the vast majority of respondents in the research area have a method of earning money. Also, according to an analysis of household income, most participants earn between N31,000 and N60,000.
Furthermore, the majority of the locals follow Islam as their religion. This is in line with the findings of [12], who found that most residents in the Ilorin metropolitan region practice Islam. In addition, most respondents (51 %) have 6-10 persons in their families. Finally, the Yoruba are the most populous tribe, according to [12]. The contentment of households in the lowdensity area of Ilorin Metropolis was reported in Table 3.   The statistical significance of the analysis is shown in the table above. The table reveals a highly significant value of ".000," smaller than .05 (p.0005). This indicates that the regression is accurate and well-suited to the analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
Physical characteristics and resident satisfaction were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science, as shown in the preceding analysis and discussion (SPSS). According to the study, toilet facilities rendered and painted walls, tiles, wellequipped kitchen, no finishing wall, power and generator, kitchen without modern amenities, concrete, and pit toilet ices all impact home satisfaction. It also shows that physical factors have a considerable impact on residents' satisfaction in the study area.
Because the physical qualities impact resident contentment, the government must provide more and better social amenities to improve resident satisfaction. Because the majority of the households in the neighbourhood think that their security is terrible, the government or policymakers must develop better measures to help the area become more secure. To ensure acceptable neighbourhood conditions and resident satisfaction in the research area, proper routine management of social amenities should be implemented.