Transmittance and Extinction Coefficient of Sea and Well-Water in Mombasa County, Kenya

Charles Mogunde, Cliff Orori Mosiori

Abstract

Using a laser transmitter in the range of 200 nm to 1200 nm, transmittance and total extinction coefficients were determined for two different but close related optical media which are ocean water and shallow well water in Mombasa County, in Kenya. The results were interpreted using Lambert–Beer’s law as applied for very small ranges of concentrations. It was established that the total extinction coefficients for two forms of water showed linearity with values of total extinction coefficients found to be µt = 7.734 (g/ml)-1 mm-1 and µt = 127.6 mm-1 at a wavelength of 638 nm for ocean water and shallow well water respectively.




Keywords


Lambert–Beer’s law; attenuation; nanoparticles; energy radiated; seawater; absorption; scattering.

Full Text:

PDF


References


Abebe, E. (2007). Determination of Fat and Protein Content of Ocean water using He-Ne Laser Light Scattering (Master’s thesis), Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/handle/123456789/2909/Ermias%20Abebe.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Alikas, K., Kratzer, S., Reinart, A., Kauer, T., & Paavel, B. (2015). Robust remote sensing algorithms to derive the diffuse attenuation coefficient for lakes and coastal waters. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 13(8), 402–415. doi: 10.1002/lom3.10033

Chen, R. S., Ab Ghani, M. H., Salleh, M. N., Ahmad, S., & Tarawneh, M. A. (2014). Mechanical, water absorption, and morphology of recycled polymer blend rice husk flour biocomposites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 132(8), 414–494. doi: 10.1002/app.41494

Collaud Coen, M., Weingartner, E., Schaub, D., Hueglin, C., Corrigan, C., Henning, S., … Baltensperger, U. (2004). Saharan dust events at the Jungfraujoch: detection by wavelength dependence of the single scattering albedo and first climatology analysis. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 4(11/12), 2465–2480. doi: 10.5194/acp-4-2465-2004

Frey, K. E., Perovich, D. K., & Light, B. (2011). The spatial distribution of solar radiation under a melting Arctic sea ice cover. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(22). doi: 10.1029/2011gl049421

Gwamuri, J, Gholap, A. V., Shartir, T. S. M., & Bassuah, P. K. (2006). Investigating Light Propagation in Turbid Media by Evaluating Optical Properties of Phantom Tissues. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268402864_Investigating_Light_Propagation_In_Turbid_Media_By_Evaluating_Optical_Properties_Of_Phantom_Tissues

Harvey, H. W. (2015). Biological chemistry and physics of sea water. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kafodya, I., Xian, G., & Li, H. (2015). Durability study of pultruded CFRP plates immersed in water and seawater under sustained bending: Water uptake and effects on the mechanical properties. Composites Part B: Engineering, 70, 138–148. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.10.034

Lee, M. E., & Lewis, M. R. (2003). A new method for the measurement of the optical volume scattering function in the upper ocean. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 20(4), 563–571.

Lee, Z., Wei, J., Voss, K., Lewis, M., Bricaud, A., & Huot, Y. (2015). Hyperspectral absorption coefficient of “pure” seawater in the range of 350–550 nm inverted from remote sensing reflectance. Applied Optics, 54(3), 546. doi: 10.1364/ao.54.000546

Liu, J., Liu, Y., Liu, N., Han, Y., Zhang, X., Huang, H., … Kang, Z. (2015). Metal-free efficient photocatalyst for stable visible water splitting via a two-electron pathway. Science, 347(6225), 970–974. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3145

Mattison, K., Morfesis, A., & Kaszuba, M. (2003, December). A primer on Particle Sizing by Static Laser light Scattering. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237663975_A_Primer_on_Particle_Sizing_Using_Dynamic_Light_Scattering

Min, C., Nie, P., Tu, W., Shen, C., Chen, X., & Song, H. (2015). Preparation and tribological properties of polyimide/carbon sphere microcomposite films under seawater condition. Tribology International, 90, 175–184. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2015.04.027

Rossing, T. (2015). Springer Handbook of Acoustics. New York: Springer.

Srinivasan, R., Kumar, D., & Singh, M. (2002). Optical Tissue-Equivalent Phantoms for Medical Imaging. Trends Biomater. Artif. Organs., 15, 42–47.

Wang, T., Yang, Z., & Copping, A. (2013). A Modeling Study of the Potential Water Quality Impacts from In-Stream Tidal Energy Extraction. Estuaries and Coasts, 38(S1), 173–186. doi: 10.1007/s12237-013-9718-9


Article Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Metrics powered by PLOS ALM

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2018 Charles Mogunde, Cliff Orori Mosiori

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.